Does your Character viewer window have no content?
You might want to delete both of these files. It fixed the problem for this user.
Tom suggests this one: “the .plist with CharacterPalette in its name in Home/Library/Preferences”
balto suggests this one: “If that doesn’t do the trick, also delete the com.apple.HIToolbox.XXXl one located in the ByHost subfolder, which popped up as updated when I checked the character viewer.”